Writers and Authors

Career Description: Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories, advertisements, and other material.

Industry: Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media

Other Job Titles for Writers and Authors:

• Realistic: Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
• Investigative: Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
• Artistic: Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
• Social: Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
• Enterprising: Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
• Conventional: Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
• First Interest High-Point: Primary-Rank Descriptiveness
• Second Interest High-Point: Secondary-Cutoff/Rank Descriptiveness
• Third Interest High-Point: Tertiary-Cutoff/Rank Descriptiveness

• Officiate at sporting events, games, or competitions, to maintain standards of play and to ensure that game rules are observed.
• Judge performances in sporting competitions in order to award points, impose scoring penalties, and determine results.
• Signal participants or other officials to make them aware of infractions or to otherwise regulate play or competition.
• Inspect sporting equipment and/or examine participants in order to ensure compliance with event and safety regulations.
• Keep track of event times, including race times and elapsed time during game segments, starting or stopping play when necessary.
• Start races and competitions.
• Resolve claims of rule infractions or complaints by participants and assess any necessary penalties, according to regulations.
• Verify scoring calculations before competition winners are announced.
• Direct participants to assigned areas such as starting blocks or penalty areas.
• Report to regulating organizations regarding sporting activities, complaints made, and actions taken or needed such as fines or other disciplinary actions.
• Confer with other sporting officials, coaches, players, and facility managers in order to provide information, coordinate activities, and discuss problems.
• Teach and explain the rules and regulations governing a specific sport.
• Research and study players and teams in order to anticipate issues that might arise in future engagements.
• Verify credentials of participants in sporting events, and make other qualifying determinations such as starting order or handicap number.
• Compile scores and other athletic records.
• Coordinate the removal of sets, props, and exhibits after productions or events are complete.
• Select set props such as furniture, pictures, lamps, and rugs.
• Confer with conservators in order to determine how to handle an exhibit's environmental aspects, such as lighting, temperature, and humidity, so that objects will be protected and exhibits will be enhanced.
• Assign staff to complete design ideas and prepare sketches, illustrations, and detailed drawings of sets, or graphics and animation.
• Observe sets during rehearsals in order to ensure that set elements do not interfere with performance aspects such as cast movement and camera angles.
• Design and build scale models of set designs, or miniature sets used in filming backgrounds or special effects.
• Read scripts in order to determine location, set, and design requirements.
• Attend rehearsals and production meetings in order to obtain and share information related to sets.
• Arrange for outside contractors to construct exhibit structures.
• Provide supportive materials for exhibits and displays, such as press kits and advertising, posters, brochures, catalogues, and invitations and publicity notices.
• Incorporate security systems into exhibit layouts.
• Coordinate the transportation of sets that are built off-site, and coordinate their setup at the site of use.

Emerging Tasks

• Develop and maintain online help documentation.
• Teach acting classes.
• Determine the emphasis, length, format, and layout of a story, publication, or broadcast and organize the material accordingly.
• Establish and maintain relationships with individuals who are credible sources of information.
• Participate in community events, make public appearances, and conduct community service.
• Review written, audio, and video copy and correct errors in content, grammar, and punctuation, following prescribed editorial style and formatting guidelines.
• Take pictures and video and process them for inclusion in a story.
• Oversee the development and management of the sports program budget and fundraising activities.
• Perform activities that support a team or a specific sport, such as participating in community outreach activities, meeting with media representatives, and appearing at fundraising events.
• Provide training direction, encouragement, motivation, and nutritional advice to prepare athletes for games, competitive events, and/or tours.
• Teach instructional courses and advise students.

• Analyzing Data or Information: Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
• Assisting and Caring for Others: Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
• Coaching and Developing Others: Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
• Communicating with Persons Outside Organization: Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
• Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates: Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
• Controlling Machines and Processes: Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
• Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others: Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
• Developing and Building Teams: Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
• Developing Objectives and Strategies: Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
• Documenting/Recording Information: Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
• Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment: Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
• Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships: Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
• Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
• Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards: Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
• Getting Information: Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
• Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates: Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
• Handling and Moving Objects: Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
• Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events: Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
• Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material: Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
• Interacting With Computers: Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
• Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others: Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
• Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People: Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
• Making Decisions and Solving Problems: Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
• Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings: Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
• Monitoring and Controlling Resources: Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
• Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment: Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
• Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work: Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
• Performing Administrative Activities: Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
• Performing for or Working Directly with the Public: Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
• Performing General Physical Activities: Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
• Processing Information: Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
• Provide Consultation and Advice to Others: Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
• Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment: Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
• Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment: Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
• Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others: Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
• Scheduling Work and Activities: Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
• Selling or Influencing Others: Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
• Staffing Organizational Units: Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
• Thinking Creatively: Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
• Training and Teaching Others: Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
• Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge: Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Detailed Work Activities

• adhere to safety procedures
• communicate visually or verbally
• confer with other departmental heads to coordinate activities
• coordinate recreational activities
• detect infractions of rules
• evaluate qualifications or eligibility of applicant for employment
• explain rules, policies or regulations
• follow sport rules or techniques
• inspect facilities or equipment for regulatory compliance
• inspect or test materials to verify safety standards or ensure meeting of specifications
• instruct participants in recreational activities
• maintain records, reports, or files
• make decisions
• observe actions of participants at athletic events
• perform varied measurements
• prepare reports
• prepare safety reports
• recognize public safety hazards
• relay information to proper officials
• select applicants meeting qualifications
• signal directions or warnings to coworkers
• teach sports rules or techniques
• use oral or written communication techniques
• understand computer equipment operating manuals
• understand service or repair manuals
• understand technical operating, service or repair manuals
• use interviewing procedures
• use photographic materials
• use technical information in manufacturing or industrial activities
• sketch or draw subjects or items
• use creativity in graphics
• use creativity to art or design work
• use library or online Internet research techniques
• use diagnostic software in electronics repair
• use electrical or electronic test devices or equipment
• use government regulations
• use hand or power tools
• use interpersonal communication techniques
• use oscilloscopes in electronics repair
• use precision tools in electronics repair
• use soldering equipment
• use voltmeter, ammeter, or ohmmeter
• use creativity in graphics
• use graphic arts techniques
• use knowledge of multi-media technology
• use library or online Internet research techniques
• use oral or written communication techniques
• use public speaking techniques
• use stage lighting controls or instruments

• n/a

• Average hourly wage (2007) -$24.36
• Average annual wage (2007) - $50,660.00

• Projected growth (2006-2016): 12.80%
• Projected need (2006-2016): 17,306
• Employment (2006): 135,246

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• Technical Writers